We perform dispersion modelling using one or a combination of the following models:
| TAPM |
A 3-dimensional prognostic meteorological model and dispersion model that includes basic photochemistry capabilities, developed by the CSIRO (Australia). We use TAPM to generate prognostic meteorological data for other air dispersion models, and as a stand-alone dispersion model. |
| CALPUFF |
An advanced non-steady state meteorological and air quality modelling system used especially for complex terrain and meteorology. The meteorological module is known as CALMET. It needs considerable preparation and computational time, but we have a very efficient, cost-effective process for CALPUFF modelling and use it as a standard tool owing to its better performance in many situations, and its versatility. |
| MM5 |
A non-hydrostatic, terrain-following sigma-coordinate model designed to simulate or predict mesoscale atmospheric circulation. We use MM5 to generate inputs to CALPUFF in cases where the extra effort (compared to TAPM) may be justified. |
| CAMx |
A photochemical grid model for ozone and other atmospheric pollutants, suited for application to urban-regional air quality investigations. |
| AUSPLUME |
Australian standard air dispersion model for modelling basic air emissions. Excellent for screening applications and used extensively for straightforward applications. As a steady-state Gaussian plume model it has some limitations that need to be seriously considered in any modelling application. |
| AERMOD |
A steady-state Gaussian model that handles complex terrain and meteorology with updated algorithms, but like AUSPLUME has limitations where non-steady-state meteorology is a significant feature. |
| ISCST3 |
A regulatory steady-state Gaussian plume similar to AUSPLUME and being displaced by AERMOD. |
| CALINE-4 |
A dispersion model for predicting air pollution levels near highways, arterial streets, overpasses and bridges; ideal for modelling development projects situated close to roads, e.g. child care centres and residential dwellings. A steady-state model with serious limitations on complex situations. |
| CFD |
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling is used to simulate complex flow behaviours in a wide range of situations, both within engineered structures and in the external environment. We use CFD to identify complex flow and plume behaviours that cannot be modelled with other tools, and use the findings to improve the working of standard models such as CALPUFF. |
| Models3 |
A complex model conducting urban to regional scale simulations of multiple air quality issues including tropospheric ozone, fine particles and toxics. |